Heater



April 17, 1928.

J. H. CAMPBELL HEATER Z Wm i @K 5 Jg Patented pr. i 17, `1928.

UNITED s'ra'riszs PATENT OFFICE.

JAMES H. CAMPBELL, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONIl-IIALF-r TO JAMES D. MOORE, F BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

HEATER.

Application flied Aprn 4,

rlhis invention pertains to stoves and more particularly to oil heaters of portable` type.. Such stoves or heaters usually comprise a base containing an oil tank upon which the burner is mounted and a cylindrical vertical drum carried bythe base and housing the burner, such drum usually beingclosed at its top. Commonly the drum is provided `with a plurality of apertures in its side wall near its upper end for the escape of the heated air and gases arising from the burner. In a stove thus constructed the column of heated air which rises from the burner tends tocontract in diameter as it ascends so that it failsto give up its heat to the side walls of the drum, while the hot air which escapes at the upper part of the drum also tends to form ay vertical column directly above the heater. Theresult of this action is that but little heat is radiated or dissi-y pated laterally froml the heater, and the air of the room or apartment iny whichthe heater is placed -isfunduly heated at its upper portion before the lower parts of the .room are appreciably Warm.

Oil heaters as ordinarily constructed are limited as to the sizeof burner employed, it being found by experience that if the dianeeter of the burner be increased beyond a fair ly definite maximum, it is diiicult to control the flame so as t0 prevent smoking, whereas if the diameter 'of the burnerbe decreased below this limit, the heat given out is correspondingly decreased. l I lhave ascertained that the smoking and uncertainty' of operation of, the burner when increased beyond a certain diameter is, ap parently due to the abnormal heating of the burner itself which results in unduly rapid evaporation of' oil and evolution of gas and consequent flaring and smoking of the flame, and that this difficulty can be substantially overcome and the diameter of the burner increased beyond the usually accepted limit by protecting the central `part of the burner from thedire'ct land reflected heat of the flame. This result is readily attainable in conjunction with the means herein provided for controlling the heat radiated from the side walls of the heater.

My present invention `has for its principal object the provision of a heater of the character described so designed that the greater portion of the heat will be radiated 1927. serialk No. 180,630.

from the side walls of the drum, thereby warming the lowerpa'rts of the room much more quickly than is possible withfan ordinary oil heater,- and of such character that the burner may be made of substantially any desired diameter without causing theame to flare or smoke.

In theaccompanying drawings a 'preferred embodiment `of the invention is illustrated by way of example, y

Fig. 1 being a side elevation partlyin section showing the improved heater Fig. 2 vis a vhorizontalsection on the'line y 2-2 of Fig. l;

Fig. 3 shows, in vertical section, the upper part of a kheater ofslightly modified form and illustrates the path of the heated currents of air; Y

Fig. 4 is a vertical section to smallery scale illustrating a `further modification; and

Fig. 5 isa similareview but-illustratingl a heater of ordinary type and showing the usual course of the air currents therein.

Referring to Fig. 5 the numeral 1 designates theupperpart ofthe base of a heater of usual type, such base supporting thedrum 9. having-the cover` member `3 at itsupper end. The burner 10 is carried by the basey and is dis osed axially rof the'drum 2. The drum is s own 'as provided withV series vof openings 4 near its upper end adapted to permit `theescape of heated air and gases rising from the burner. n

y In this view the usual path ofthe air currents has been'indicated in broken lines, and it maybe noted that whilev the `column of air flares youtwardly immediately above@ the" burner, it rapidly contracts in diameter as indicated at 5 softhat its heating effect is concentrated at thecentral part of the cover there being a relatively large space between the upper part of this column of air and the side walls of the drum. V

The columnof heated air strikes the under side of the cover 3 and is deflected outwardly through the holes 4 and after passing the edges of the coverV 3 again ascends in ac0l,` umn of diminishing diameter as indicated at 7. With this arrangement comparatively little heatis radiated from the side walls of ecv the drum since the column of air rising from i Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the base of vthe improved heater is indicated at 8,

Cil

such base supporting the drum 9. This drum is preferably, although not necessarily, provided with corrugated walls thus greatly increasing its radiating capacity. An increase in theradiating surface oi' the drum of (50% beyond that of the usual drum may readily be obtained in this way. n

The base 8 supports the circular burner 10 which may be of usual construction and which is coaxial with the drum. 'lhe drum is provided with perliorations 1l extending for a considerable distance down trom its upper end.

As here shown, .these pe'riorations are formed in the outermost portions ot the corrugations of the drum, and they are arranged in circumiferentially extending series, the series being spaced vertically as may be desired. Preferably lthese pertorations extend down at least midway of the length oi' the drum.

The drum is provided with a cover 3, pret erably imperit'orate, and within the drum a delector is arranged. This deflector preferably comprises a main or body portion 13 of truncated conical form with its smaller end directed downwardly. This detlector is sup ported in any desired manner, preferably from a flange at the upperend of the drum. The deflector member' 13 terminates at a substanti al distance above the burner, preferably at about the region oi the lowermost series of the perforations, the lower end of the deiector being closed. As `here shown the lower end of the deflector member 13 is closed by means of a secondary deflector element 14 of truncated conical form, concentric with the burner l0 and secured to the lower edge of the element 13 in any desired manner. The lower end of themember 14 rests upon the top of the burner 10 with heat insulating means interposed, if desired, and thus protects the central part'of the burner top from radiant heat.

rl"he space 15 between the main member 13 of vthe deliector and the inner surface oi the drum is thus of annular form and of increasing radial width from the region of the lowermost perforations toward the upper part of the drum. ln Fig.` 3 a slight modificationn is illustrated, the base 8a supporting the burner 10 housed inthe drum 9a. This drum is shown as without corrugations, but the employment of such corrugations is optional. ln this form the deiiector comprises the upper portion 13a and the lower portion 14, the latter being conical and having an apex just above the'top of the burner.

.In the arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 3 the innermost filaments 16 of heated air rising from the burner engage the conical surfacesof the deilector and follow along the latter until they reach the upper part of the annular space where they come out through the uppermost series of perforations. The inincense termediate filaments of air follow generally the same course but pass out through series of perforations lower down the drum so that the outermost lilaments 17 may be considered in general to pass out through the lowermost series ot perforations.

The entire body oi heated air is' thus brought into very close contact with the walls ol the drum, heating the latter throughout the great part of its length so that it forms an efficient source ci' radiant heat, and then passes laterally into the room. Such heat as may be absorbed by the deliec tor member is likewise radiated outwardly and assists in heating the walls ot the drum while the air which passes out through the pertorations in the drum, being distributed longitudinally of the drum, acts in a much more ellicient manner to heat the air infthe immediate vicinity of the heater than is true ot the ordinary oil heater in which the air escapes only at the top.

ln Fig. e a further modification is illustrated in which the burner 10 is housed by adrum 9b and in which the delector consists or al single continuous member 13b of invertedk truncated conical form with its smaller end resting on ythe burner top `and concentric therewith. lf desired, this delector may be supported by the burner top and need not extend to the top of the drum.

lWhile a deflector of generally conical or truncated form is preferable, l contemplate that deflectors of other types might heemployed provided they direct the heated column of air outwardly in an annular stream into intimate Contact with the wall of the drum throughout a substantial portion of the length of the latter, and particularly if at the same time they govern the heat absorbed by the central part of the burner top,

l also contemplate that a drum without perfor-ations might be found useful to some extent and that the pertorations in the drum might be arranged otherwise than as here shown without sacrifice of the principle which underlies the invention.

ll claim:

1. A heater ofthe class described compris ing a burner, a vertical cylindrical drum housing the burner, said drum having openings in its sidewalls, and a deiiector within and concentric with the drum, said delector being of less diameter than the drum to provide an annular space between it and the drum, the deliector extending down from an imperforate top cover of the drum substantially to the `top of the burner.

2. A heater ot the class described comprising a burner, a vertical cylindrical drum housing the burner, said drum having openings in its side wall, and a deflector comprising an inverted truncated conical body portion suspended from the upper part of the drum and concentric therewith, an im- 'perforate cover on the upper end and a de- Hector element attached to the lower end of the body portion, said delector extending downwardly from the upper end of the drumr nearly to the burner. c

3. A heater of the class described comprising a burner, a vertical cylindrical; drum housing the burner, circumferential series oi' openings in its side walls, an imperiorate cover forthe drum, and a defiector concentric with the drum, the deflector comprising a body portion of truncated conical form having its larger end in the upper part of the drum, the defiector extendingr from the upper part of the drum substantially to the top of the burner.

4. A heater of the class described com ris i ing a burner, a vertical cylindrical rum` housing the burner, said drum havingr corru gated side walls provided with perforar-tions, and a deiector disposed within the drum, said deliector extending substantially from the top of the drum to the burner and comprising a cover member, serving also as the top of the drum, an upper body portion of inverted truncated conical form, and a lower portion of inverted truncated conical form, said deflector being; concentric with the druml and providing an annular space between it and the inner surface of the drum. Signed by me at Boston, Massachusetts,

this 28th day of March, 1927.

' JAMES H. CAMPBELL. 

